I wrote some code to stress test my Arduino. The code below will make your Arduino calculate prime numbers.

long start       = 0;
int  max_seconds = 30;
long i           = 2; // Start at 2
long found       = 0; // Number of primes we've found

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);

    while (!Serial) { }

    Serial.println("");
    Serial.print("Running prime benchmark for ");
    Serial.print(max_seconds);
    Serial.println(" seconds...");

    start = millis();
}

void loop() {
    int prime = is_prime(i); // Check if the number we're on is prime

    if (prime == 1) {
        found++;

        if (found % 2000 == 0) {
            Serial.print(".");
        }

        if (found % 50000 == 0) {
            Serial.print("\n");
        }
    }

    int running_seconds = (millis() - start) / 1000;

    if (max_seconds > 0 && (running_seconds >= max_seconds)) {
        Serial.print("\nFound ");
        Serial.print(found);
        Serial.print(" primes in ");
        Serial.print(max_seconds);
        Serial.println(" seconds");
        delay(10000);

        i     = 2;
        found = 0;
        start = millis();
    }

    i++;
}

int is_prime(long num) {
    // Only have to check for divisible for the sqrt(number)
    int upper = sqrt(num);

    // Check if the number is evenly divisible (start at 2 going up)
    for (long cnum = 2; cnum <= upper; cnum++) {
        long mod = num % cnum; // Remainder

        if (mod == 0) {
            return 0;
        } // If the remainer is 0 it's evenly divisible
    }

    return 1; // If you get this far it's prime
}